A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who work together as peers in the pursuit of knowledge or practice.
Contents |
Academia
Research fellow
See also: Research fellow The title of research fellow is used to denote a research position at a university or similar institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act as independent investigator, or under the supervision of a principal investigator. In contrast to a research assistant or research officer, the position of researchThe title of research fellow is used to denote an academic research position at a university or a similar institution.
Teaching fellow
The title of Teaching fellow is used to denote an academic teaching position at a university or similar institution.
Emeritus title in the UK
The title fellow might be given to an academic member of staff upon retirement who continues to be affiliate to a university institution in the United Kingdom.
Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin
At Colleges A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a university that places academic activity in a community setting of students and faculty, usually at a residence and with shared meals, the college having a degree of autonomy and a federated relationship with the overall university. However, the term residential college is also of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge This is a list of the colleges within the University of Cambridge. These colleges are the primary source of accommodation for undergraduates and graduates at the University and at the undergraduate level have responsibility for admitting students and organising their tuition. They also provide funding and/or accommodation for some of the senior and Trinity College, Dublin Trinity College Dublin , formally known as the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I as the "mother of a university", and is the only constituent college of the University of Dublin. Located in Dublin, Ireland, it is Ireland's oldest, full fellows form the governing body of the college, although they may elect a Council to handle day-to-day management. All fellows are entitled to certain privileges within their college, which may include dining at High Table (free of charge) and possibly the right to a room in college (free of charge).
There are a number of types of fellow:
- Research fellows The title of research fellow is used to denote a research position at a university or similar institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act as independent investigator, or under the supervision of a principal investigator. In contrast to a research assistant or research officer, the position of research are researchers, whose salaries or stipends A stipend is a form of monetary payment or salary, such as for an internship or apprenticeship. It is often distinct from a wage or a salary because it does not necessarily represent payment for work performed, instead it represents a payment that enables somebody to be exempt partly or wholly from waged or salaried employment in order to are paid by a college from the income of its endowment A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution. The total value of an institution's investments is often referred to as the institution's endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation or trust. Some of the less affluent colleges do not pay their research fellows a salary, instead award fellowships to researchers already employed by the university.
- At Oxford, college tutors are fellows, who are paid to provide small-group teaching to a college's undergraduates. The position is typically a joint appointment (there are a variety of types) with the university.
- At Cambridge, teaching officers (lecturers Lecturer is an academic rank. In the United Kingdom, lecturer is a position at a university or similar institution, often held by academics in their early career stages, who lead research groups and supervise research students, as well as teach. However, in the United States, Canada, and other countries influenced by their educational systems, the, readers In the academic hierarchy in the United Kingdom and some universities in Australia and New Zealand, reader is the rank between senior lecturer and Professor. The title of Reader may be given in recognition of research or scholarship, with high international reputation, as part of a promotion procedure of academic ranks, and professors A professor is a type of senior teacher; the precise meaning of the word varies by country. Literally, professor is Latin for a "person who professes to be an expert in some art or science, teacher of high rank". In most English-speaking nations professor is the title only of a senior academic who holds a departmental chair , or a) are entitled to a college fellowship. For lecturers and readers, the process is competitive – generally the most able academics get fellowships at the richest and most prestigious colleges[citation needed]. Professors are allocated to colleges by a centralised process to ensure fairness. These fellows may or may not provide small-group teaching to undergraduates in the college, for which they would be paid by the hour. College fellows at Cambridge (except for research fellows) have no duties as such and are not paid. They will typically have a salaried post either with their college or the university.
- At Cambridge, a praelector is a fellow of a college, who formally presents students during the matriculation Matriculation, in the broadest sense, means to be registered or added to a list, from the Latin matricula - little list. In Scottish heraldry, for instance, a matriculation is a registration of armorial bearings. The most common meaning, however, refers to the formal process of entering a university, or of becoming eligible to enter by acquiring and graduation ceremony.
Most Cambridge colleges grant fellowships for life after a qualifying period. Retired academics may therefore remain as fellows. In Oxford on retirement a Governing Body fellow would normally be elected a 'fellow emeritus' and would leave the Governing Body. Distinguished old members of the college, or its benefactors and friends might also be elected 'Honorary Fellow', normally for life; but beyond limited dining rights this is merely an honour. Most Oxford colleges have 'Fellows by Special Election' or 'Supernumerary Fellows' who may be members of the teaching staff, but not necessarily members of the Governing Body.
US medical training
See also: Fellowship (medicine) A fellowship is the period of medical training in the United States and Canada that a physician may undertake after completing a specialty training program. During this time , the physician is known as a fellow. Fellows are capable of acting as attending physician or consultant physician in the generalist field in which they were trained, such asIn US medical institutions, a fellow refers to someone who has completed residency training (e.g. in internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, etc.) and is currently in a 1 to 3 year subspecialty training program (e.g. cardiology, pediatric nephrology, transplant surgery, etc.).
Graduate school fellowships
See also: Scholarship A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further education. Scholarships are awarded on various criteria usually reflecting the values and purposes of the donor or founder of the awardIn the context of graduate school The Graduate School is an independent educational institution headquartered in Washington, DC with regional campuses around the United States. The Graduate School was created in 1921 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide adult continuing education. It became an independent educational institution in February 2009 in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language and Canada The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled, along the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three, a fellow is a recipient of a fellowship. Examples are the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, Guggenheim Fellowship The performing arts are excluded, although composers, film directors, and choreographers are eligible. The fellowships are not open to students, only to "advanced professionals in mid-career" such as published authors. The fellows may spend the money as they see fit, as the purpose is to give fellows "blocks of time in which they, Rosenthal Fellowship and the Presidential Management Fellowship.
Academia administration
Harvard University
See also: President and Fellows of Harvard College The President and Fellows of Harvard College is the more fundamental of Harvard University's two governing boards. (The other is the Harvard Board of Overseers.) On 9 June 1650, at the request of President Henry Dunster, the Great and General Court of Massachusetts (i.e., the colonial legislature) issued the body's charter, making it the oldestAt Harvard and some other universities in the United States, "fellows" are members of the Board of Trustees A board of governors is usually the governing board of a public entity or non-profit organizations. It is the public equivalent of the private board of directors who hold administrative positions as non-executive trustee rather than academics.
Cambridge and Oxford Colleges
Some senior administrators of a college such as bursars A bursar is a senior professional financial administrator in a school or university are made fellows, and thereby become members of the governing body, because of their importance to the running of a College.
Secondary education
Teaching fellows in the US
See also: Teaching assistant A teaching assistant is an individual who assists a professor or teacher with instructional responsibilities. TAs include graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), who are graduate students; undergraduate teaching assistants (UTAs), who are undergraduate students; secondary school TAs, who are either high school students or adults; and elementaryThe term used, in the United States, the high school and middle school setting for students or adults that assist a teacher with one or more classes.[1]
Learned or professional societies
Fellows are the highest grade of membership of most professional societies A professional association is a non-profit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession, and the public interest (see for example, the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. Lower grades are referred to as members (who typically share voting rights with the fellows), or associates (who may or may not, depending on whether "associate" status is a form of full membership).
How a fellowship is acquired varies for each society, but may typically involve some or all of these:
- A qualifying period in a lower grade
- Passing a series of examinations
- Nomination by two existing fellows who know the applicant professionally
- Evidence of continued formal training post-qualification
- Evidence of substantial achievement in the subject area
- Submission of a thesis or portfolio of works which will be examined
Exclusive learned societies A learned society is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline or group of disciplines. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honor conferred by election, as is the case with the oldest learned societies, such as the Polish Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana , the Italian such as the Royal Society The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science, and is possibly the oldest such society in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II as the "Royal Society of London". The Society was initially an have Fellow as the only grade of membership, others like the Faculty of Young Musicians (now defunct) have members holding the post of Associate and posts Honoris Causa.
Honorary fellow
Main article: Honorary fellow Honorary titles in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties. This practice primarily exists in some universities and colleges in the United States and CanadaAppointment as an honorary fellow in a learned or professional society can be either to honour exceptional achievement and/or service within the professional domain of the awarding body or to honour contributions related to the domain from someone who is professionally outside of it. Membership of the awarding body may or may not be a requirement.
Industry
Large corporations in research and development New product design and development is more often than not a crucial factor in the survival of a company. In an industry that is fast changing, firms must continually revise their design and range of products. This is necessary due to continuous technology change and development as well as other competitors and the changing preference of customers-intensive industries (IBM International Business Machines (NYSE: IBM) is a multinational computer, technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM is the world's fourth largest technology company and the second most valuable global brand (after Coca-Cola). IBM is one of the few information technology companies with a or Sun Microsystems Sun Microsystems, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Oracle Corporation, selling computers, computer components, computer software, and information technology services. Sun was founded on February 24, 1982. The company was headquartered in Santa Clara, California , on the former west campus of the Agnews Developmental Center in information technology Information technology is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware", according to the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA). IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to, and Boston Scientific The Boston Scientific Corporation (abbreviated BSC), is a worldwide developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical devices whose products are used in a range of interventional medical specialties, including interventional cardiology, peripheral interventions, neuromodulation, neurovascular intervention, electrophysiology, cardiac surgery, in Medical Devices for example) appoint a small number of senior scientists and engineers as fellows. Fellow is the most senior rank or title one can achieve on a technical career Career is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual's "course or progress through life ". It is usually considered to pertain to remunerative work (and sometimes also formal education), though some fellows also hold business titles such as vice president A vice president is an officer in government or business who is below a president in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of' . In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president. A common colloquial term for the office is veep, deriving from a phonetic interpretation of the abbreviation VP or chief technology officer A chief technical officer or chief technology officer , is an executive position whose holder is focused on scientific and technical issues within an organization. Essentially, a CTO is responsible for the transformation of capital - be it monetary, intellectual, or political - into technology in furtherance of the company's objectives. Examples are:
Notes and references
Categories: Academic administration | Education and training occupations Categories: Occupations by type | Educational personnel | Training
Thu, 19 Aug 2010 05:30:41 GMT+00:00
afp reigning world champion Marieke Guehrer won the women's 50m butterfly in 25.99sec - the same time her fellow Australian Yolane Kukla posted in winning the ... Michael Phelps, Ryan Lochte win easily at Pan Pacific Championships, may meet soon Washington Post Briefs: Stanford swimmer 2nd in 1500 free at Pan Pacific Championships San Jose Mercury News Lochte gets win and save at Pan Pacifics Los Angeles Daily News Universal Sports (blog)
